This study covered three areas: user-based research, packaging research and strategic design development.

A number of research forums were organised to discuss and observe packaging difficulties for both older and disabled users. Many users aged between 65 and 90 were interviewed and videoed opening and discussing packaging. Disabled users were also interviewed to highlight how specific problems can affect our ability to open packaging. Alongside the face-to-face interaction, about 30 packaging diaries were sent to older users. Participants were asked to complete a two-week log of problems they have with opening packaging.

Then, allied to a literature research, packaging both from Waitrose and from proprietary brands was analysed. The materials and processes of manufacture were studied along with the actions required to open the packet. These were categorised onto ‘Packaging Maps’. Materials were classified using recognised world standards. Visits were made to stores to understand the environments in which products are sold and to manufacturers to understand the constraints production systems can impose on the products.